History of Cuba, China, India and Mexico||knowledge corner

  

If the history of these four countries is written, then many books can be written, but in this article we will see the main points of the history of these countries.

History of Cuba - 

Cuba has a long and complex history. It was inhabited by indigenous peoples for thousands of years before being discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Spanish colonisers arrived soon after and established settlements on the island. For the next several centuries, Cuba was a Spanish colony, with the native population being largely enslaved to work on sugar plantations. In the 19th century, there were several rebellions and independence movements, but it wasn't until 1898 that the Spanish-American War resulted in Spain ceding control of the island to the United States.

In the early 20th century, Cuba gained formal independence, but the US maintained significant economic and political influence on the island. In 1959, a revolutionary movement led by Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, and others succeeded in overthrowing the US-backed government, and a communist government was established. The US then imposed a trade embargo on Cuba, which has lasted to this day.

Cuban revolution

Throughout the Cold War, Cuba was a key ally of the Soviet Union and a major player in regional and global politics. Fidel Castro remained in power until 2008, when he handed over the presidency to his brother Raul. In recent years, there have been some signs of economic and political liberalisation, but the Cuban government remains a communist dictatorship, and the US trade embargo remains in place.

History of China

China has a long and rich history dating back thousands of years. It has been ruled by a series of dynasties, each leaving their mark on the country's culture and development. Some of the most important dynasties in Chinese history include the Xia (2070-1600 BCE), the Shang (1600-1046 BCE), and the Zhou (1046-256 BCE).

The Qin dynasty (221-206 BCE) was the first to unite the various warring states into one empire, with the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, overseeing the construction of the Great Wall and the development of a centralised government. The Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) is considered one of the golden ages of Chinese history, with significant advancements in art, science, and technology.

In the following centuries, China faced invasions and periods of disunity, but the Sui (581-618 CE), Tang (618-907 CE) and Song (960-1279 CE) dynasties established a strong centralised government, fostered economic growth, and made great advancements in culture, art, and technology.

The Ming dynasty (1368-1644 CE) saw the re-establishment of native Chinese rule, and the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing. The Qing dynasty (1644-1912 CE) was the last imperial dynasty in China, with a period of prosperity and territorial expansion, but also faced challenges from Western powers and internal rebellions.

In 1911, the Chinese Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen resulted in the collapse of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. Since then, China has undergone significant political and economic changes, including the Chinese Civil War, the establishment of the People's Republic of China under the communist party in 1949, and the market-oriented economic reform started in 1978. Today, China is one of the world's most populous countries and a major global economic power

History of India - 

The history of India goes back thousands of years and has been influenced by various cultures and civilisations. The Indus Valley Civilisation, which existed around 2500 BCE, is considered one of the earliest civilisations in the world. It was followed by the Vedic period, during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures in Hinduism, were written. The Maurya Empire, which was established in the 3rd century BCE by Emperor Chandra gupta maurya, was one of the largest empires in the ancient world. The Gupta Empire, which existed from the 4th to the 6th century CE, was known for its achievements in art, science, and mathematics.

In the medieval period, various Islamic dynasties ruled parts of India, while Hindu kingdoms continued to exist in other areas. The Mughal Empire, established in the 16th century by Babur, was one of the most significant Islamic dynasties to rule India. It was followed by the British East India Company, which established control over India in the 18th century and ruled until 1947, when India gained independence.

Since independence, India has been a federal parliamentary constitutional republic, with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. India has faced many challenges as a newly independent nation, including poverty, communal violence, and political instability. Despite these challenges, India has made significant progress in recent years and is currently the world's fastest-growing major economy.

History of Mexico - 

Mexico has a rich and complex history that dates back to ancient civilisations such as the Olmecs, Maya, and Aztecs. These civilisations developed advanced societies and cultures before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. The Spanish, led by Hernán Cortés, conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521 and established colonial rule in Mexico. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 and has undergone various political and social changes throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Today, Mexico is a democratic country with a growing economy and a diverse population.